RADIO PHYSICS AND RADIO ASTRONOMY

Subject and Purpose. Considered is the terahertz-range electrodynamics of a one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystal containing graphene inclusions. The crystal’s periodic structure involves a gyrotropic magnetoactive layer, a graphene sheet lying on a dielectric substrate, and a dielectric spacer. The work is aimed at analyzing the nonreciprocal propagation of electromagnetic waves through the crystal, investigating the effects, due to the graphene chemical potential, upon electrodynamic characteristics of the structure, and studying the electromagnetic field’s localization inside defected structural layers.

Methods and Methodology. The analysis is performed within the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation through layered periodic media. The gyrotropic material is described in terms of a dielectric permittivity tensor with nonzero off-diagonal elements. An operator method, based on successive application of transmission and reflection coefficients at the interfaces between the layers, is used for the analysis. Both finite-seized structures with a defected layer and semi-infinite periodic systems are considered. Numerical analysis has been conducted of the electrodynamic characteristics as functions of the incidence angle, graphene’s chemical potential, and defect-layer parameters.

Results. The presence of off-diagonal elements in the dielectric permittivity tensor provides for non-reciprocity of the transmission coefficients for the waves incident from opposite directions. As has been found, by varying the chemical potential of graphene it is possible to effectively control the positions of passbands and stopbands on the frequency axis. For the structure containing a defected layer, formation of an ultra-narrow resonance has been revealed inside the forbidden band. At the resonant frequency, the effects of electromagnetic field localization and a significant field strength enhancement occur inside the defected layer. The non-reciprocity manifests itself through difference in field amplitudes of the waves that propagate in mutually opposite directions.

Conclusions. By combining gyrotropic materials and graphene inclusions it proves possible to implement a dual mechanism for controlling the spectral characteristics of magnetophotonic crystals through application of an external d.c. magnetic field and variation of chemical potential of the graphene. The defected modes are responsible for field localization and formation of ultra-narrow resonances. The latter are seen as promising tools for development of terahertz filters, sensors, and nonreciprocal devices.

Keywords: photonic crystal, gyrotropic material, graphene, non-reciprocal propagation, operator approach

Manuscript submitted 14.05.2026

Radio phys. radio astron. 2026, 31(3): 154-165

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